I looked out the plane window, and theres these people picking cotton. The Muscle Shoals/Wexler take was eventually released as a Japanese B-side. Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement, and Your Privacy Choices and Rights (each updated 1/26/2023). visit Fame Studios backstage tour before heading to Memphis. The show was a success, with the band playing many of their hits, including I Want to Hold Your Hand and She Loves You. "Mojo Man" Ghetto Fighters featuring Jimi Hendrix on guitar and available on 2013 Hendrix posthumous compilation "People, Hell and Angels" Recorded at Fame Studios. Other popular songs they recorded in Muscle Shoals include The Ballad of John and Yoko, I Feel Fine, and Cant Buy Me Love. The Beatles also recorded a cover of Twist and Shout, which was a major hit for them. But did you know that The Beatles actually did record at the famed Muscle Shoals recording studio in Alabama? The performance, which took place on September 11th, was the only show they performed in the state of Alabama. Rick Hall grew up in a house with a dirt floor in the nearby Freedom Hills. On front cover: Black & white sticker . Now that I look back at what we did, in addition to being musicians, we were really arrangers as well. The Beatles. Is there any example of a notable musical artist who have started his Skynyrd's First: The Complete Muscle Shoals Album - AllMusic What Atlantic subsidiary recording studio did The Rolling Stones record at in the early 1970s? Nathan Rothschild: "We cannot afford to lose Ukraine" The Beatles And The Cold War: Exploring The Impact Of An Iconic British Band, Exploring The Possibility Of Reconciliation For The Beatles: A Look At The Bands History And Legacy. 2023 Advance Local Media LLC. In the 1960's, the soul sounds of Motown in Detroit were sweeping through the American pop music charts as an answer to the chart dominance of The Beatles and the rest . With their first album, I Want to Hold Your Hand, in 1963, The Beatles made their name known as the first of many to come, and the song set off Beatlemania, according to producer George Martin, at the apex of Phase One of the Beatles development. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (the Beatles, 1967), Pet Sounds (the Beach Boys, 1966), Revolver (the Beatles, 1966), Highway Revisited . The band took advantage of being in blues territory to cut Fred McDowells You Gotta Move, before tackling their own Wild Horses. Richards testified to how effortlessly well the sessions went: I thought it was one of the easiest and rockin-est sessions that wed ever done. "We all respected Jimmy so much, not just for his guitar playing but also for his production ideas," Hood said. Over at FAME, Hall put together a new band, dubbed The Fame Gang, and recorded hit records with Joe Tex, Tom Jones, The Osmonds, Candi Staton, Bobbie Gentry, King Curtis, Little Richard, Paul Anka, Bobby Womack, and Clarence Carter. Great work! Legendary record producer and Fame studio owner Rick Hall, the man regarded as the "Father of Muscle Shoals Music," died early Tuesday morning, according to the Alabama Music Hall of Fame. The world will never forget these events because they embodied the spirit of the Beatles and the power of their music. Photo courtesy of Alabama Tourism Department, Percy Sledge - When A Man Loves A Woman (Live), Dub Music: Exploring The Genres Jamaican Origins, The Sinister Urge: How The Marriage Of Metal And Horror Terrified The World, Highway 61 Visited: A Road Trip Through The Birth Of The Blues, Strings Attached: How Symphonic Soul Scored Big In The 70s, Sound Escapes: From Eno To Einaudi The Story of Instrumental Music, Fight For Your Right: The Battle Over Music Censorship, Taking Notes: How Musical Nostalgia Creates Future Sounds, Come As You Are: The Story Behind The Nirvana Song, Glen Campbell, Shaggy, And Lil Wayne: Currently Trending Songs, Weighty In The Eighties: When Prog Rock Went Pop. Jimmy really believed in the things he worked on. Albums | The Beatles [12], Although it was no longer a working studio in 2009 and 2010, the Jackson Highway location was rented for recording some or all of two Grammy-nominated albums. . The principal members were John Lennon (b. October 9, 1940, Liverpool, Merseyside, Englandd. The fact that a studio this small turned out so much great music is phenomenal, and it's all because of the people who were involved. The Untold Truth Of The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section - Grunge.com how to remove stains from silicone spatula; mississauga rebels home arena; did the beatles record at muscle shoals. By April of 1969, Beckett, Hawkins, Hood, and Johnson, had established their own studio, Muscle Shoals Sound, on Jackson Highway in Sheffield, dubbing themselves the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. "The Allnighter" LPGlenn FreyRecorded at Muscle Shoals Sound (1000 Alabama Ave. location). Muscle Shoals the city is across is across the Tennessee River, but the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio is not in Muscle Shoals, but next door in Sheffield. Muscle Shoals. Having fallen out with Jim Stewart at Wexlers southern recording spot of choice, Stax Records, he turned to Hall to cut his records in the south. "The Swampers are humble guys who could adapt to what the artist wanted, knew how to work together in a live session and didn't let their egos get in the way,"saidthe director of the "Muscle Shoals" documentary, Greg Camalier, according to Fast Company. - Beatlemania, USA- cont'd Meet the Beatles - debut album in USA went to #1 one week after release and stayed 3 weeks all subsequent Beatles albums would go to #1 1964 - movie released - "Hard Day's Night . Two songs from the album, "Tighten Up" and "Black Mud", were nominated for Grammys: "Tighten Up" for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song and "Black Mud" for Best Rock Instrumental Performance. Cobb met singer-songwriter Anderson East at Nashville's legendary Bluebird Caf. Hear live music at BB kings on Beale Street. I said to myself, I aint getting off this plane, take me back north. This big southern guy was at the airport [Rick Hall] I said, I dont want to get off here, they still got black people picking cotton. The man looked at me and said, F__k that. According to The Muscle Shoals Sound Studio website, from 1969 to 1978 alone, The Swampers played on more than 200 albums and had hundreds of hit songs with artists including Bob Dylan, Bob Seger, the Staples Sisters, Willie Nelson, and Cat Stevens, just to name a few. The Swampers took it and opened the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio at 3614 Jackson Highway in Sheffield, Alabama, which is within the "Shoals" jurisdiction. In December 1969, The Rolling Stones recorded three songs at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, including Brown Sugar, Wild Horses, and You Gotta Move, and while the tracks and live vocals for these songs are still unmistakably reminiscent of the areas classic country, blues, and R&B music, The iconic FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals have also been used by notable musicians such as Bob Dylan, B.B. Muscle Shoals, Alabama is the unlikely breeding ground for some of America's most creative and defiant music, rock and soul. He died in 2018, but not before earning himself the title "Father of Muscle Shoals Music." Today, Rodney Hall continues the legacy his dad started, and the "Muscle Shoals Sound" lives on. The first hit to the studio's credit was R. B. Greaves' "Take a Letter Maria". In 1969, in partnership with Mr. Wexler, they founded the rival Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Sheffield, Ala., and went on to record with the Staple Singers, Paul Simon, Bob Seger, Traffic, Bob . Michael had come to Muscle Shoals back then to cut the original version of his ballad "Careless Whisper" with esteemed producer Jerry Wexler. did the beatles record at muscle shoals - meghnajalan.com Halls second house band would, however, prove to be worth their weight in gold. All the singles and albums of Beatles, peak chart positions, career stats, week-by-week chart runs and latest news. Muscle Shoals Sound Studio opened in early 1969 by the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section (also known as the Swampers) - David Hood on bass, Jimmy Johnson on rhythm guitar, Roger Hawkins on drums, and Barry Beckett on keys. But as Hall began to establish a reputation and scored more hits, the regular musicians he had been using grew tired of their poor wages and left. A combination of loyalty to Hall and superstitious belief in his studio brought Pickett back to Muscle Shoals in late 1968, despite Wexlers refusal to work with Hall again. It was up to us to come up with the part. Rolling Stone magazine placed the album at number-2 on its list of the Best Albums of 2010 and "Everlasting Light" at number 11 on its list of the Best Singles of 2010. [24] The interior is reminiscent of the 1970s, with relevant recording equipment and paraphernalia. Session musicians David Hood on bass, Barry Beckett on keyboards, Jimmy Johnson on rhythm guitar, and Roger Hawkins on drums played on scores of hit records in the 1960s, '70s, and '80s and helped arrange songs for huge acts like the Rolling Stones, Aretha Franklin, Paul Simon, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Rod Stewart, and many more. 'Respect' fact check: What did Aretha Franklin biopic get wrong? In this article, well explore the history of the recording sessions, what songs were recorded, and what made the studio such a special place for the band. Aretha to The Black Keys: The Muscle Shoals Story The Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section was the first group of musicians to own a studio and to eventually run their own publishing and production companies. This may be the greatest unissued first album ever to surface from a major band. The Beatles Live at the BBC is released containing the FAME Publishing tune, "A Shot of Rhythm and Blues". Sticky Fingers was the first Stones album to make No.1 on both sides of the Atlantic and in many other countries around the globe. In Alabama, Muscle Shoals is regarded as one of the best cities to live in. That morning, we knew that a star had been born. Keyboardist Spooner Oldham, whose keyboard introduction set the scene for the song, backs this up: Of the hundreds of sessions I have participated in, I can honestly say those first few sessions with Aretha Franklin were simply and magically unforgettable.. A chance encounter with a young singer-songwriter called Arthur Alexander led to Halls first hit, You Better Move On, which made it to No.24 on Billboards Hot 100 in early 1962. Beatles in hamburg 1960 to 1962 5 trips grueling It was a partnership that created a phenomenal run of hits. And you have to have hits to keep recording. But Wexler saw to it that their new venture had a steady flow of talent through the door. visit the sound studio, the music hall of fame, and record together our own record. 20 Muscle Shoals music connections that might surprise you After injuring his elbow in a horse-riding accident, Allman had turned to bottle-neck guitar playing in his reduced mobility. "Fuego" album Phish Parts of the LP, including the song "555," were recorded at Fame Studios. Located at 3614 Jackson Highway, Muscle Shoals Sound is . Music Heritage - Muscle Shoals National Heritage Area did the beatles record at muscle shoals - bimirth.net While the band was originally scheduled to perform in Mobile, the show was canceled due to a lack of ticket sales. History - Muscle Shoals Sound Studio As a result of this seminal event, music history was transformed; it marked the beginning of a new era of musical expression in the world. The Muscle Shoals Music Museum is a treasure trove of musical history located in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Motown and its affiliated labels produced more hit records than the Beatles, Stones, Elvis, and the Beach Boys combined! When Aretha Franklin arrived in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, in 1967, she was one of the greatest singers in the world but hardly anybody knew it. From: 'Hey Jude' (1969) The R&B giant's soulful take on the Beatles ' classic, like so many other cuts on our list of the Top 10 Duane Allman Studio Sessions, comes from Allman's time as a session . Rick Hall, 'Father of Muscle Shoals Music,' Dead at 85 - Rolling Stone The Beatles Facebook profile. As many as 553,250 people attended the show, setting a new attendance record and generating record revenue. "Storm Windows" album John Prine Recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound. Helen Keller was another local. Heres Little Richard: The Georgia Peach In All His 1957 Glory, Best Bobby Womack Songs: 20 R&B Essentials, The Rolling Stones, With A 1971 Tour, Say Goodbye To Britain, Dazzle Ships: Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Darks Cold War Classic, Old Time Rock & Roll: The Story Behind Bob Segers Classic Rock Hit, How ABBA Conquered All With The Waterloo Album, The Cranberries Everybody Else Is Doing It Turns 30 With Dolby ATMOS Mixes, Frank Zappas Zappa 80: Mudd Club/Munich Live Album Is Out Now, The Mavericks Release In Time (10th Anniversary Deluxe Edition), Listen To Chiiilds New Album Better Luck In The Next Life, Skaiwater Reinterprets Rave, Releases It As New Project Rave (NC), Dillon Francis Recruits Zomboy And Knock2 For Remixes, Listen To Masegos Eclectic New Self-Titled Album, Donna Summers She Works Hard For The Money Album Gets Expanded Digital Release, Music Of My Mind: Stevie Wonders Thoughts Turn To Musical Greatness, Mary Wilson Is Back On The Dancefloor With Posthumous Soul Defender, Out Now, Discover more about the most legendary recording studios of all time, https://soundcloud.com/tony-james-shevlin/set-me-down-by-the-singing-river, https://soundcloud.com/hillipsand/muscle-shoals. station 19 fanfiction maya injured; morgan bay boats for sale; camden football fight; razer kraken v2 randomly disconnects; ark magmasaur fertilized egg spawn command; [6] The concrete block building, originally built around 1946, was previously a coffin showroom.[7]. On January 30, 1969, the Beatles final performance took place on the roof of Apple Corps headquarters in London, England, forever changing the face of music. Here the musicians were local guys who looked like they worked in a warehouse or supermarket. In the recording studio, however, blacks and whites worked together blind to the color of each others skin. Paul Simon - Still Crazy After All These Years 1981 U.S. half speed [citation needed]. For their first success, the Rolling Stones recorded You Gotta Move, Brown Sugar, and Wild Horses at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio in Alabama in 1969, laying the groundwork for their future success. A copy of the limited edition U.S. half speed mastered pressing of Still Crazy After All These Years by Paul Simon, issued as part of Columbia's Mastersound series. They worked with Traffic on the album Shoot Out At The Fantasy Factory before heading out on tour with them the first time members of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section had gone on the road. To the casual observer, Muscle Shoals is just a quiet Alabama town, surrounded by verdant countryside and bordered by the vast Tennessee River. Aretha Franklin had failed to make an impact in five years recording for CBS, so after the label dropped her, Wexler snapped her up and took her to Muscle Shoals in 1967. Hey Jude is the ninth studio album by soul singer Wilson Pickett, recorded at FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama and released in 1969. [13] The album was nominated for a 2011 Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. In honor of Wilson's career, here's a look back at a recording Pickett made in 1968 of a classic song originally issued by The Beatles. primary, secondary tertiary prevention of measles; alimentation marathon pdf. Everything from Muscle Shoals comes back to the water that sang. Such a rich musical history. Travel to muscle shoals where several #1 hits have been recorded by artists such as tina turner, the Beatles, Tim McGraw, Huey Lewis & many more. Percy Sledge recorded When A Man Loves A Woman in nearby Sheffield, Alabama, in a studio owned by Halls friend, local DJ Quin Ivy, backed by a number of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. "Valotte" Julian Lennon Recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound. Muscle Shoals Sound Studio - Wikipedia . The Muscle Shoals guys were immortalized in Lynyrd Skynyrds legendary single Sweet Home Alabama: Now Muscle Shoals has got The Swampers The Muscle ShoalsRhythm Section, also known as The Swampers, consisted of four men you've definitely heard but likely never heard of. After several . "Nobody really suggested anything to play; we would interpret it. Unsurprisingly, this chain of events had a profound impact on Hall, who became determined to make something great of his life. King, and Elton John, who recorded there with the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. Caught up in Nashville's swirling real estate boom, Studio A - part of RCA Records' Nashville headquarters built in 1965 by label heads Chet Atkins and Owen Bradley - was slated for demolition in 2013 . We just kind of grew up like animals, he recalled. While the Muscle Shoals Rhythm section are remembered for their huge contributions to popular music, they weren't the first to set up a music studio in the unassuming town. While attending school in Dallas, he played in local combos. His parents marriage collapsed in the aftermath, each blaming the other. Norbert Putnam, poses at his Nashville area home with a poster from The Beatles first ever U.S. concert. Board Members - Muscle Shoals Sound Studio It was the . But here goes. "And Skynyrd, he believed in Lynyrd Skynyrd from the first day, when everybody else was saying, 'No, no, it's too long. And deceptively simple sonic sorcery. The studio remained afloat, thanks in part to session work for Stax Records. Exploring The Legacy Of Ringo Starr: Why He Left The Beatles And How They Moved On. 15. Total war., From their point of view, the musicians had reached the end of their patience with the way Hall operated. According to Hall, the problem sprung from him being too much of a workaholic, when his partners wanted to have fun: I was so very aggressive and fired up, he told Peter Guralnick, author of the definitive account of soul music in the south: Sweet Soul Music. In Alabama, Muscle Shoals is regarded as one of the best cities to live in. The Rolling Stones began their ascent to rock and roll success with the release of Sticky Fingers in 1971, cementing their status as a rock and roll powerhouse. From the first time I ever touched a bass, he encouraged me. All that remained for the bad boys of rock n roll was to record an album that would reach number one in the U.S. This was the beginning of FAME Music (FAME standing for Florence Alabama Music Enterprises). Muscle Shoals is a documentary that can be viewed on Netflix. As the blind singer Clarence Carter commented, Helen Keller was from Muscle Shoals and it was always amazing to me the things she was able to accomplish being blind and deaf. Famously, the first word that Keller learned was water the well where she learned the word is a famous landmark. The sleepy town of Muscle Shoals, Alabama, would become the unlikely destination for Americas greatest recording artists, churning out classic hits like Percy Sledges When A Man Loves a Woman; I Never Loved A Man by Aretha Franklin; Brown Sugar by The Rolling Stones; and Ill Take You There by The Staple Singers. Wexler produced Cher 's 3614 Jackson Highway LP on ATCO (1969) at MSS. Donnie Fritts released tunes recorded at the studio on his June album, in conjunction with John Paul White and Single Lock Records. He took to the style instantly (Hall later remarked that hed never heard anybody play slide guitar like Duane). Discover. Regarding The Rolling Stones in the Shoals in 1969. Fewer hangers-on, groupies, nightclubs and dealers equaled a greater focus on making music. Once the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section got into their own studio, they started to get more involved with not just playing on the records but producing, engineering, and helping artists arrange songs. James was struck by Halls feel for the music: Rick Hall was actually the first white man that I had seen that had that kind of soul, that was an engineer and was soulful, you know?. Rick Hall, Architect of the Muscle Shoals Sound, Dies at 85 Ive only just discovered your work, Paul, and am reading all your other articles with relish. Your email address will not be published. Musician and songwriter Dan Penn recalled, Less than two hours and it was in the can and it was a killer, no doubt about it. "When a Man Loves a Woman" Percy Sledge, Recorded at: Norala Studios Released: 1966 Songwriter: Calvin Lewis, Andrew Wright Producer:Marlin Greene, Quin Ivy, Recorded at: Muscle Shoals Sound Studios Released: 1971 Songwriter: Mick Jagger, Keith Richards Producer:Jimmy Miller, Here are 20 more Muscle Shoals essentials, "How Can I Put Out The Flame (When You Keep the Fire Burning)" Candi Staton, "The First Cut Is the Deepest" Rod Stewart, "You Left the Water Running" Otis Redding, "I Can't Let You Break My Heart" Bettye Swann. In 1978, The Swampers moved from the building at3614 Jackson Highway to a larger sound studio. It benefits The Healing Place in Muscle Shoals and Room In 1924, Wilson Dam was completed, destroying the hazardous shoals that gave the new town and its neighborhood its name. Record producer who established the soul-drenched 'Muscle Shoals sound' Rick Hall, right, in the studio with Etta James at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, 1967. Topping the list of 500 are Sgt. The album's cover photo revealed the band and studio faade, a trendsetting . Beckett headed to Nashville to work as a producer, while the remaining three members of the Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section continued to record at their old studio, as well as proving to be among the countrys most in-demand session players. The Rolling Stones, Aretha Franklin, Duane Allman, George Michael, Wilson Pickett, Willie Nelson, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Joe Cocker, Levon Helm, Paul Simon, Bob Seger, and others have all recorded albums at the studio over the years. The Beatles recorded a number of hit songs in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Review: In "Muscle Shoals," they've got the Swampers - ARTS ATL Cher's sixth album was titled 3614 Jackson Highway (1969) and this became the informal name for the studio in 1969. Required fields are marked *. The Beatles Instagram profile. Nashville Office (615) 383-0350 Muscle Shoals Office 603 E. Avalon Ave. P. O. https://soundcloud.com/tony-james-shevlin/set-me-down-by-the-singing-river The scene cuts there, but in a . Free U.S. shipping! And he was able to record his latest album, Heartache By The Pound, at the legendary FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, . The legendary Muscle Shoals studio defined the sound of Southern soul before becoming one of the go-to studios for the biggest names in music. And then, of course, when it actually lives up to it and beyond, then youre in rocknroll heaven, man.. Their first project was the Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, which is now refurbished with much of the original instruments and made to look the way it did in The Swampers heyday. The Beatles Historical Markers Here's a look (and listen) at some lesser-known Muscle Shoals music connections that might surprise you. And theyve been known to pick a song or two (yes they do) According to The Muscle Shoals Sound Studio website, from 1969 to 1978 alone, The Swampers played on more than 200 albums and had hundreds of hit songs with artists including Bob Dylan, Bob Seger, the Staples Sisters, Willie Nelson, and Cat Stevens, just to name a few.More than 75 RIAA Gold and Platinum records came out of their studio. A year after the plane crash, MCA released a collection of Skynyrd's earliest recordings from sessions at Alabama's fabled Muscle Shoals Sound Studio, symbolically titled Skynyrd's First And Last. Now Muscle Shoals has got the Swampers And they've been known to pick a song or two ~Lynyrd Skynrd, "Sweet Home Alabama" In the Northwest corner of Alabama sits an unlikely musical hotspot, a cluster of towns - Florence, Sheffield, Muscle Shoals - where anonymous musicians backed up the big names: Aretha Franklin, Etta James, Paul Simon, Rod Stewart, Bob Seger. Despite the fact that Sam Cooke did not record A Change Is Gonna Come at Muscle Shoals, the song was made there. When A Man Loves A Woman forged a partnership between Hall and Wexler, with the might of the latters Atlantic Records label put behind Halls productions. Did Alicia Keys record in Muscle Shoals? Some guitars and amps. Their initial successes in soul and R&B led to more mainstream rock and pop performers who began coming to record at Muscle Shoals Sound Studios, including the Rolling Stones, Duane Allman, Traffic, Bob Seger, Elton John, Boz Scaggs, Willie Nelson, Paul Simon, Bob Dylan, Dr. Hook, Elkie Brooks, Millie Jackson, Julian Lennon, and Glenn Frey. Haha There was a lot of anger.". Top 10 Duane Allman Studio Sessions - Ultimate Classic Rock They have sold millions of records, have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and have inspired generations of musicians. "Do Right Woman, Do Right Man" Aretha Franklin, Recorded at: Fame Studios Released: 1967 Songwriter:Chips Moman, Dan Penn Producer: Jerry Wexler, Recorded at: Muscle Shoals Sound Studios Released: 1971 Songwriter: Luther Ingram, Mack Rice Producer: Al Bell, "Wild Horses" The Rolling Stones Recorded at: Muscle Shoals Sound Studio Released: 1971 Songwriter: Mick Jagger, Keith Richards Producer: Jimmy Miller, Recorded at: Fame Studios Released: 1968 Songwriter: Marcus Daniel. The museum celebrates the rich musical heritage of the Muscle Shoals area and features a variety of exhibits and artifacts that tell the story of the areas musical history. But things were different in Muscle Shoals. Producer: Bob Seger, Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. In July 2016, Cobb took residency of RCA Studio A on Nashville's Music Row. As he told writer Peter Guralnick: I didnt know what to do with him and finally Phil [Walden, booking agent] said, Look, youre not doing anything with him. Ill only give you $10,000. I said, Write me the check. I still laugh about it with Phil. Muscle Shoals became the 70 Funk Factory, while at the same time attracting the biggest names in pop and rock, from Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel to Rod Stewart to Elton John. We had jackdon hy for two years and the magic was still there something Bout the place .. . The Muscle Shoals Sound Studio became the go-to studio for the biggest names in music.
Can You Transfer Money From Zipmoney To Bank Account,
Ashlawn Brentwood Tn Gwen Shamblin,
Chemolithotrophic Bacteria Slideshare,
Cleveland Clinic Department Work Leader Salary,
Articles D