E. J. Joffrion was born in Mansura, Avoyelles Parish, La., on February 7, 1838. Rev. He was in the principal battles of the war, and was left on the field badly wounded at Gettysburg. although his time is fully employed in attending to the numerous irons that he has in the fire, he is none the less painstaking in the management of each. 40.9 miles from Avoyelles Parish, LA A crying woman and a vengeful slave are both said to haunt this plantation. His widow was sixty-seven years of age at the time of her death in 1888. Regiment, going out as sergeant and serving in Bragg's Army. when a small lad was taken by his father to Illinois, in which State he attained manhood and was educated. clerk. There were almost no improved roads in the U.S. or in the Louisiana Territory and the first railroads were not built until the 1830s. with their full name, including surname. The parish is geographically located in the center of the state with a present-day population of approximately 40,000. Gremillion, was born in Louisiana, was a farmer and a resident of this parish from the time he was a boy. Agricultural commodity prices remained depressed for many years, but their eventual recovery resulted in a new wave of land clearing, which in turn triggered another depression in the late 1830s. T. H. Thorpe was the youngest of five brothers, attained manhood on Blue-Grass soil, his education being obtained in the schools of that State and in Philadelphia, Penn., FORMAT. Mr. Lafargue is a man of fine literary qualifications, find being a fine, forcible and eloquent orator, has made many speeches throughout this section for his political friends, doing much to further their interests and the cause of his party. Tennesseans, and in that State the father was called from the scene of his earthly labors in 1863, his widow still surviving him and residing in her native State. The overflow of the Mississippi River damaged him so seriously, financially, that he left Simmesport to seek fresh fields for his endeavors, and in 1884 located in Evergreen, where he has since Convillion, a daughter of Zelian Convillion. His parents, Alfred Tarleton and Cecilia Tarleton, moved from Mary Ian! In 1857 Mr. Joffrion married Miss Desdemona Fields, daughter of William M. and Ann (Thorn) Fields, natives of Kentucky and England, respectively. although his first efforts as a tiller of the soil were on fifteen acres of land Both were members of the was born in Marksville, La., to L. P. and Mary (Voinche) Normand, the former a native of Louisiana, and the hitter of Paris, France. By his marriage, which occurred in 1864 to Miss Hermentine Bonnette, there were born six children: Alice, Irene, Rosney, Annie, Mary and James. Mr. Tanner is a young man of energy, push and intelligence, and has made an excellent start in life. Soon after taking his degree in medicine he located in Marksville, Avoyelles Parish, where he has successfully practiced his profession ever since. He is prepossessing in appearance, and is the picture of health and physical manhood. Mr. Pearce is one of the wealthiest and most successful planters in Avoyelles Parish, and not only has the respect and confidence of all as ti successful business man, but is esteemed and held in the highest estimation socially. educated lady. exponent of general surgery, Dr. Owens is worthy of mention in a review Of our daughter of F. C. Monnin, a native of France. Benjamin, Frank, John. FamilySearch affiliate libraries may have access to center-only databases, but do not always have all services normally provided by a FamilySearch center. Claim this Church Profile .
List of plantations in Louisiana - Wikipedia [16] After the American Civil War in 1865, the United States of America had abolished slavery, and the architecture changed for laborers on plantations to include more space, one example of this is found at the Allendale Plantation in Port Allen.[16]. His paper is strictly moral in its tone - Burdette and Jemima (Thompson) Kemper, natives also of Kentucky. a slave requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable records of the holder. Methodist Church, and died near Natchez in 1858. which he had begun under an able physician in Missouri. William M. Prescott, planter, Eola, La. and Wis. His father, L. V. Gremillion, was a former recorder of the parish from 1856 until 1868, and from 1879 until I8S6 was clerk of the court, and was seven years, five years and six months. He is a great lover of good horse flesh, and keeps some fast horses of good pedigree. Privately owned by descendents of the Gosserand. L. H. Convillion, though he died before reaching middle age, stood very high in the parish, and had occupied responsible positions, being clerk of the district court for several years. an African American was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African property which he operates in connection with managing his plantation and his was born in Lowndes County, Miss., March 2. A. Owing to the able and efficient manner in which he St. Landry Parish, where he taught school and pursued the study of medicine, 1240. father was a farmer and merchant, by occupation, and for many years was one of the most prominent citizens of Spotsylvania County. most important enterprises to be entered upon, and the success of the individual Miles, daughter of Lemuel Miles, one of the pioneer settlers of Avoyelles Parish in 1801 Mr. Ewell gave up merchandising and has since devoted the principal part of his time to planting near Evergreen. Mr. Eegard is educating his children in good schools, and all are whom it is a pleasure to meet. was laid, and there he entered the business of sugar planting on a large scale.
and is a son of Rev. Cotton plantations before and after the Civil War were established along the Bayou de Glaises loop. He set fire to the bridge across Duckbill River at Columbia, Tenn., and kept Buell's army from crossing, giving his regiment time to get away. the Louisiana State University at Baton Rouge, where he completed an elective course in 1884. For more information, see Louisiana Taxation. For the two years Clarendon Plantation, Evergreen, Avoyelles Parish, LA. In January, 1889, in partnership with his father, he opened like establishments in Bunkie and Midway, and has been manager of both stores ever since. V. and Eugenie (Ganthier) Rabalais, both natives of Louisiana, and their families being among the first of this part of the State. in 1886 began merchandising in East Feliciana Parish for himself, and there Convillion, was a native of the parish of Avoyelles, and a member of one of the largest and best families of Louisiana. This transcription lists the names of those largest slaveholders in the Parish, the number of slaves they held and [citation needed], Under ownership of Spain, the city of New Orleans held the strategically important location between the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain. his birth occurring on September ,22, 1800, and he is the son of Leander F. and Adaline (Cainletean) To find the contact who can help you, find the field called "Contact Information" next to the image of interest to you. Mr. Mayer now carries a stock of goods valued at about $8,000, and does an annual business of from $10,000 to $12,000.
History - Holmesville, Louisiana occurred in France on May II, 1838, and is a son of Germain find Celeste (Prostdame) Regard, both natives of France. However, the data should be checked for the particular surname to see the extent of the matching. He was made the Democratic candidate for the Legislature against his desire some years ago, and lacked only a few votes of being elected. the mother emigrated with her parents to America when young and settled with them in Lexington, Ky. have, within the last, few years made such rapid strides as that of the profession The different members of this family spell their names differently; of medicine, and among the young but very successful physicians of Avoyelles Parish, La., who Both daughters are married. The maternal great-grandfather of our subject, J. He is the owner of some valuable land in the parish, and is in very good circumstances financially. Rapids Parish, La., in 1822, at which time he purchased a large plantation on Bayou Robert, which be successfully operated until his death in 1828, his wife passing from life in 1835.
Clarendon Plantation, Evergreen, Avoyelles Parish, LA Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and St Elizabeth Catholic Parish 14095 Woodland Dr Guerneville CA 95446 (707) 869-2107 http://santarosacatholic.org/parishes/elizabeth2.html can be difficult because the name of a plantation may have been changed through the years and because the sizeable number The maternal grandfather of Miss Normand was August in 1871 Mr. Mayer He is now president of the school board of Avoyelles. Mr. Howard is not active in politics Main Page. He operated a farm and continued as overseer until 1852, since which Three children died Latin, speaks and writes the French language quite proficiently, and reads German. Mr. Prescott and the whole family are members of the FamilySearch Center and Affiliate Library Locator map - search for local FamilySearch Centers or Affiliate Libraries. when his father-in-law having died, be returned home to take charge of the interests there. thorough agriculturist, and he is a man of industry and enterprise. young man of exemplary habits, and as a result has many warm personal friends. May 16, 1864 - Mansura, also known as Smith's Place or Marksville. Mr." Ewell has served a period aggregating fifteen years as a member of the police jury, and i s a public spirited and enterprising citizen. He then removed to Marksville, the parish seat, and there began the practice of his profession, soon acquiring a large and lucrative practice. He has been an active member of the Louisiana State Medical Society since its organization, and has served three times as vice-president and once as president. Railroads appeared before the Civil War, though at first were used to link waterways. surgeon, serving with distinction in Stewart's division until cessation of He was one of the leading politicians of this section, and was very popular and influential, as all men must be who are honest, intelligent find public-spirited. Once again, we welcome you! His home is the resort of the intelligence of the country round, as also of strangers of the same class sojourning here. CLAIM THIS LISTING Are you on staff at this church? been doing a large and paying business at his present stand. Now it's located on the grounds of LSU-Alexandria Campus. He was born in Bedford County, Tenn., December 8, 1851, and in that State was retired and educated. His parents, Edmond and Hermantine (Barbin) Sancier, were born in New Orleans, the Although not active in politics he takes go real His parents, John and Anna (Hays) Watson, were The Parish was primarily settled by descendants of immigrants who came directly from France in the 18th and 19th centuries. He was postmaster from 18(55) to 1874, and during President Cleveland's administration he tilled the same position, from 1887 until 1889. John A. and Mary C. (Cocke) Glaize, both parents being North Carolinians. Mr. Joffrion is one of the largest and Avoyelles Area [1] Total 1.02 sq mi (2.65 km2) Land 1.02 sq mi (2.65 km2) Water 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) Elevation 62 ft (19 m) Population (2020) Total 215 Density 210.37/sq mi (81.26/km2) Time zone UTC-6(CST) Summer (DST) UTC-5(CDT) Area code 318 FIPS code 22-24775 Website www.evergreenla.org Also known as Norwood's Plantation, fought on May 18, 1864. See soil surveys of the various parishes. Rhode Island. William M. and Evalina (Moore) Prescott, the father a native of have been born. The father was attending college at Georgetown, Ky., at the breaking out, of the war, and threw aside Image; Results: 1-9 of 9 View. The Library of Congress does notown rights to material in its collections. Mrs. Owens died in 1879 leaving one child, a son, Samuel Logan. He enlisted in the Confederate Army, Company I, Eighteenth Louisiana Dr. Ducote has accumulated considerable money, and his home is a model of modern beauty and comfort. Italianate and Greek Revival home, built about 1846. Marksville and vicinity Daniel B. Hudson is one of the prominent names that make up the The U.S. gained rights to use the New Orleans port in 1795. enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind He has been a lifelong student of the classics, Greek and thoroughly honorable and reliable in every transaction, a fact that has become generally known. Dr. A. G. Pearce received the most of his literary education fit the Louisiana State University and completed the same at Georgetown, Ky.
Clarendon Plantation, Evergreen, Avoyelles Parish, LA Historically housing for enslaved people on Louisiana plantations (prior to the reconstruction era), featured cabins consisting of two rooms, with one family in each room. Dr. E. de Nux, physician and surgeon, Marksville, La. After the war was over he turned his attention to teaching, first in Franklin College, Opelousas, La., afterward becoming principal of Evergreen Home Institute, holding the position from 1868 until 1875. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map.[1]. The latter received limited educational advantages, but by observation and study he has improved this to a great extent. under Gen. Washingtonian having been an officer of dragoons in the Revolutionary War. He was in Swell's corps, and was taken prisoner only three days before Lee's surrender, but was held until July of 1865. Dr. E. de Nux received his education at Toulouse College and at St. Barbe, Paris, but received his medical education in the last named city. The first white settlers lived around Lake Pearl in the present area followed by Hydropolis, the forerunner of Cocoville. The actual number of slaveholders may be slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate slaveholder in each County.
Avoyelles Parish Marriages P2 - Genealogy Village He followed the occupation of farming in his native State until his removal to 189, Evergreen Chapter No. His father was Arnaud Lafargue, who was born in Orthez, France, October 30, 1775, and at the age of fifty years was married to Miss Marie Heuga, "Filed by https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/114_habs.html, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey, Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscape Survey (HABS/HAER/HALS) Collection - Rights and Restrictions Information, Wade Hampton House, Evergreen Hamlet Road (Ross Township), Evergreen, Allegheny County, PA, Dr. Lehmann House, Hahnville, St. Charles Parish, LA, Schmit Hotel, Washington, St. Landry Parish, LA, Troxler-Psayla Cottage, 919 Saint Philip Street, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, LA, Convent of Notre Dame, 835 Josephine Street, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, LA. Winn, daughter of Dr. William H. Winn, who was one of the most prominent physicians in this section of the State at the time of his death in 1877. The County has Marksville as its seat and the County was created March 31, 1807. Mr. Ewell is a gentleman who has been' exceptionally successful in his career as a planter, and owing to his desire to keep out of the old ruts, and to his ready adoption of new and improved Hon.
About Us | Avoyelles Commission of Tourism The mother's maiden name was Clemence Rabalais. He left his native country for America in 1868, located in New Orleans, where be practiced his profession for one year, and then, 1869, he removed to Marksville, where he still continues to practice. He died when about only twenty-five or thirty years of age, leaving two children, one a sister, besides our subject. A. D. Lafargue was Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with about half of those living in the southern States. Louisiana (New Spain) was transferred by Spain to France in 1800, but it remained under Spanish administration until a few months before the Louisiana Purchase. The 1860 U.S. Census Slave Schedules for Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana (NARA microfilm series M653, Roll McEnery, It is said of him that his decisions were never reversed by the Appellate Court. Dr. Roy is a physician of more than ordinary ability, and his time is devoted wholly to the relief of suffering humanity. She died in 1859. Dr. C. D. Owens, Eola, La. father is a successful planter. Each institution contributes the digital items and the descriptive text for their collections. The father of the subject of this sketch was Judge John H. Overton, who was a native of North Carolina, but who came to this State at an early age, where he figured conspicuously as lawyer, judge, and an enterprising, public-spirited citizen. Besides the necessity of river transportation, the ground near the rivers and old river channels contained the best agricultural land, where the sandy and silty soil settled, increasing the height of the natural levees. Capt. He was married in New Orleans to Miss Amanda Bouligny, which union has resulted in the birth of nine children: Louise, Charles, Gustave, Corinne, Estelle, Mathilde, Edward, Amanda and Beulah. Abt 1856 Some records were destroyed or damaged from unknown causes. Upon completing his course he was employed as a book-keeper in a general mercantile establishment for a period of eight months, after which he was engaged for a short time in traveling in the interests of his father's business. Do a Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana Genealogy Place-name search for these and other records in the. Documentation Compiled After. (subject) now resides. voted any other ticket. Halifax County, Va., on August 22, 1808, and removed to Louisiana with his father, but received his education in the common schools of Tennessee and Mississippi. Catholic Churches at that point, and during his residence there made a considerable amount of money. Warren County, Miss., where he received his education at private school. the father was quite au extensive planter, and was a prominent man in parish affairs. personal friends who predict for him a brilliant future. He was born in Georgia November 7, 1845), and obtained a good literary education in Houston and Baldwin Counties.
done much to add to the commercial reputation of the Parish of Avoyelles. Legend claims that William T . Mr. Irion devoted his entire time to planting, and was successful in this occupation. Mass times for St. Elizabeth are below. Linking Joseph Rabalais, his Alice B. Winn, daughter of Dr. William A. Winn, a leading physician at the time Miss Normand was reared, find received a common-school education in her native town. Belgium under Napoleon Bonaparte. Examples of slave housing can be found on many of the extant plantation complexes. Clarendon Plantation, Avoyelles parish, in the 1930s LDL / State Library of Louisiana / State Library of Louisiana Historic Photograph Collection details share Medium sized JPEG 34.56 KiB AWS S3 Properties Manifest 147 B Image Object Open Image Viewer B&W photo, circa 1930s. He occupies two rooms, 50x30 feet each, and carries from $10,000 to $15,000 worth of stock. Mr. Firth is a gentleman of tine business capacity, and is HABS LA,5-EVGR.V,1- (sheet 1 of 9) - Clarendon Plantation, Evergreen, Avoyelles Parish, LA Contributor: Historic American Buildings . in 1871 he purchased a plantation, and erected au Dr. A. G. Pearce, physician and surgeon, Evergreen. Waggaman. Larger plantations were noted in the Bunkie area with added sugar cane farming. There are 30 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the parish, including 1 National Historic Landmark. He also has au excellent livery stable in Bunkie, which is excellently equipped with good horses and buggies, and thorough man of business, and is highly esteemed, being honorable and upright in all his dealings. Avoyelles located on the Bryant Road about one and a half miles north of Highway 107. He was married in 1871, in Philadelphia, to Miss Mary L. Fisher, by whom he has two sons and three daughters. When a young man, he was married in Halifax County, to Miss Rebecca Hunt, of one of the old Virginia families, and a cousin of Mimmiken Hunt, who was the first minister to the United States from the Republic of Texas. Louisiana, after which he took a two years' course in Centre College, Ky., and after finishing his education engaged in plant ing. Wikipedia contributors, "Avoyelles, Louisiana," in, Wikipedia contributors, "Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana," in, "Rotating Formation Louisiana Parish Boundary Maps", List of counties in the United States with Record Loss, Louisiana African American Griots Project, Index to Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Court Records, Civil War Letters Written By Jean Baptiste G. Gremillion April 1862-1865, Index to Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Military Records, Louisiana Civil War Service Records of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865, Louisiana Civil War Service Records of Union Soldiers, 1861-1865, Pensioners on the Rolls as of January 1, 1883, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Louisiana Confederate Pensions, 1898-1950, 1st Regiment, Louisiana Cavalry (Confederate), Louisiana World War I Service Records, 1917-1920, Louisiana First Registration Draft Cards, compiled 1940-1945, Obituaries and Death Notices, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Index to Obituary Records for Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Louisiana Wills and Probate Records 1756-1984, Louisiana Records and Statistics Information, Index to Vital Records of Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Birth Records, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, List of Early Marriages, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Marriage Announcements, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, Baton Rouge Louisiana FamilySearch Center, Denham Springs Louisiana FamilySearch Center, Louisiana Genealogy Network Group on Facebook, Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana Genealogy and Family History, Genealogy Trails: Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, History of Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana, By Corinne L. Saucier, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoyelles_Parish,_Louisiana, New Orleans Notarial Archives Research Center, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Avoyelles_Parish,_Louisiana_Genealogy&oldid=5258112. He has a typical home in Marksville, which is adorned with all that taste can suggest or money purchase, in which he and family live in the lordly style of the opulent Library of Congress Duplication Services. This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted February 24, 2023. He has are members of the Catholic Church. the mother passed from life in 1883, but the father is still living on his plantation near Evergreen. He has always refused to accept any position of trust, Mayenx), Noemie (wife of L. P. Roy), J. U. and Athalie. Mr. Gremillion's father. The main house was moved and is now located in Sherevport, and the plantation store is now located in Natchitoches. having regained his health, but still under furlough, volunteered his services to Col. Bagbie, and in the first battle near Opelousas captured the commander of the Thirteenth Army Corps, United States Army. He is a native-born resident of Mansura, La. his efforts. His widow survives him and resides at Evergreen. responsible position of district attorney of the Seventh Judicial District, Information about the Louisiana Digital Consortium can be found here: http://louisianadigitalconsortium.org, Clarendon Plantation, Avoyelles parish, in the 1930s, B&W photo, circa 1930s. The three others, Rosa Lula, Percival Clarence and Clysse Ursula, are aged respectively, leaving this institution was for about two years engaged as having remained in the service of the Government a number of years, he came to Mr. Genin and his family are strict Of his marriage, three children were bornone son and two daughters the son, E. Bascom Joffrion, was born on February 27, 1802, and died ou November 24, 1884. Map (db m105571) HM: 5 Louisiana, Avoyelles Parish, Big Bend Sarto Old Iron Bridge . General Richard Taylor's Confederate army failed to prevent Union army crossing . Besides enjoying to au unlimited extent the confidence and respect of all who know him, he comes of an old and respected family of Virginia. The families on both sides (Prescott and Moore) were of English extraction. Mrs. Ewell died in 1800. Those who have found a free ancestor on the 1860 Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana census can check this list to learn if their ancestor was one of the larger slaveholders in the Parish. one of the few that has seen the country in its development. In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free census. St Elizabeth Parish is a Catholic church in Guerneville California. Take a boat tour of the Spring Bayou area, or picnic along the Red River at one of the parks. A certain lot or parcel of land situated and lying in the Parish of Avoyelles on Bayou Boeuf; it is well understood, that the land hereby purchased in the whole front of the original tract, as purchased by the said vendor, and running back so far as to include all the buildings and improvements erected thereon, and thence to the nearest point on The mother is still living and is a resident of Mansura. While home Gen. Bank's army passed through the State, find Capt. most learned and skilled physician in this part of the State. been a member of the town council. He served in the latter part of the war, but was not in any of the large battles, It was paid out at Shreveport, La., and at Marshall, Tex. Builder was Mr. Jonathan Koen.
Catholic Church. During the last year the excellent manner in which he passed his examinations was the means of obtaining him the position of resident student in the Charity Hospital, a position that greatly increased He was born in this parish November 6, 1867, to S. S. and Mary E. (Bennett) Pearce, and in the public and private schools of this parish his scholastic advantages were received. and grew under his management. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Louisiana that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on a heritage register; or are otherwise significant for their history, their association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. [3] History [ edit | edit source] Parent Parish [ edit | edit source] He was born here, October 3, 1855, to Prof. Adolphe Lafargue, who was born in France, and came to the land of the free and the home of the bride when eighteen years of age; tor some time followed the calling of schoolteacher in Natchitoches Parish, where he was She is a woman of marked intelligence, and has that innate air of high breeding which always indicates the true gentle woman. Mr. Wier's predecessor Thomas P. Frith. He is one of the truly representative men of the parish, and the property which he now has has been earned by his own earnest find determined In 1872 an addition was constructed on the left side of the original structure creating an open dogtrot. (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). and was a man of considerable prominence in the parish, having been a Whig In 1881 he was married to Miss Henrietta the latter was born on August 12, , and was reared and educated in the Old Dominion. No known restrictions on images made by the U.S. Government; images copied from other sources may be restricted. He was a native of this parish also, and by occupation was a merchant and planter. most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. thorough commercial course in that department of the University of Kentucky at Lexington, and in November of 1887 received his diploma. In 1859 he was married to Miss Caroline King, of Opelousas, and the daughter of Valentine King, of one of the prominent Louisiana families. Therefore, it does not license or charge permission fees for use of such material and cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material. which was then composed of the parishes of Avoyelles, Pointe Coupee and West Feliciana. He afterward served on the staffs of Gen. Federal Census", available through Heritage Quest at http://www.heritagequest.com/ . The surviving plantation homes range from relatively modest dwellings to opulent mansions, some containing original furnishings and many with period furniture. Her present position in life has Slaves 100 years of age or older were supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of S. S. Pearce, planter, Evergreen, La. Clarendon Plantation House - Evergreen, Louisiana (Avoyelles Parish) - Clarendon Plantation House was originally constructed circa 1842. The immediate subject of this biography was reared in this parish, and received his early education under the instruction of private tutors and in the Evergreen Home Institute. Harvard is one of the oldest and best known citizens of Avoyelles Parish, and is His wife died the second year of their marriage, and in 1877 Miss Effie L. though a well-informed man on political affairs. He was married in 1848, to Miss Adeline Moreau, daughter of Celestin and Anne (Coco) Moreau.